A living will may not be something you think about often, but if a medical emergency left you unable to communicate, it would suddenly become one of the most important documents in your life.

It functions as an advanced legal directive that outlines your preferences for medical treatment if you become incapacitated. It provides clarity for your family, guidance for your care team and peace of mind for you, knowing that your values will be honored, even if you can’t speak for yourself.

Whether you're just starting your planning journey or updating existing documents, setting up a living will is a compassionate, practical step for anyone who wants to reduce stress and avoid confusion down the line.

What does a living will do?

A living will tells your doctors and your loved ones how you want to be cared for if you’re ever seriously ill or injured and unable to speak for yourself. Unlike a last will and testament, which deals with property after your death, a living will only applies while you are alive and unable to make medical decisions. It’s typically paired with a healthcare power of attorney, which names someone to speak on your behalf.

Why is a living will important?

In emotionally charged medical situations, even close family members can disagree about what kind of care should be given — or withheld. A living will removes uncertainty and reduces the emotional weight on loved ones who are already navigating a crisis.

Here’s why it matters:

• It honors your autonomy. You remain in control of your care, even if you’re unconscious or unable to communicate.
• It protects your loved ones. Family members won’t have to guess — or argue — about what you would want.
• It supports your medical team. Doctors and hospital staff can follow your wishes with legal clarity.
• It avoids delays in care. With a valid directive in place, treatment decisions can move forward without needing court involvement.

Simply put, it’s a compassionate act — one that protects you while easing the burden on others.

What is a living trust?

Creating a living will is a relatively simple process, but it’s important to approach it thoughtfully and ensure it meets the legal requirements in your state.

1. Reflect on your values and treatment preferences.

Define what quality of life means to you, then decide which medical treatments you would accept or refuse. Think about scenarios like long-term ventilator use, feeding tubes or comfort-only care. Discuss with your physician what interventions align with your goals.

2. Choose a healthcare proxy (durable power of attorney for health care).

Select someone you trust to act as your medical decision agent. This person will interpret your living will, make decisions you did not address and advocate for you if circumstances change. The Mayo Clinic recommends choosing someone who understands your values and is willing to speak up.

3. Obtain the correct form or template.

Get a state‑specific living will form, from trusted sources such as your state’s health department or legal aid. Ensure the form meets your state’s requirements for signature, witnesses or notarization.

4. Complete and sign the document correctly.

Fill out the form by following legal requirements. Many states require two witnesses or notarization, and that the signers are not named beneficiaries. For instance, the Iowa Bar states that a living will may be signed with two witnesses or a notary. Ensure you are of legal age and sound mind when signing.

5. Distribute copies and communicate your wishes.

After signing, share copies with your physician, healthcare proxy and family. Store the original copy somewhere accessible. Confirm that your medical providers have access to it. Clear communication reduces misinterpretation when the document is needed.

6. Review and update as life changes.

Life events like illness, marriage, divorce or relocation should prompt document review or revision. Revisit your living will periodically to keep it consistent with your values and medical options.

When should you create a living will?

The best time to create a living will is before you need one. Many people think of it as something only older adults should have, but unexpected illnesses or accidents can happen at any age. In fact, adults of any age — especially those with families, chronic conditions or healthcare preferences — can benefit from having one in place.

It’s also a natural part of a larger planning conversation that includes:

• A last will and testament
• A living trust (if managing assets)
• Powers of attorney for financial and medical decisions
• Preplanning your funeral arrangements

Each document serves a different purpose, but together they provide a complete picture of your wishes, helping to reduce emotional and financial stress for your loved ones.

Setting up a living will is one of the most important steps you can take to ensure your medical care aligns with your values, even when you can’t speak for yourself. It’s a small effort that will make a big difference for your loved ones.

Looking to take the next step? Download our free Funeral Planning Checklist to see how a living will fits into a complete end-of-life plan.

 *This blog, including incorporated links, is not intended to be legal advice. Homesteaders recommends consulting with your own legal counsel for any questions or concerns you may have regarding the topics discussed in this post.